In-Text Citation Examples
Murphy et al1 support...
Murphy and coauthors1 support...
Murphy and colleagues1 support...
Note: Do not use et al's, instead rewrite the sentence to avoid possessive tense.
Citation Format
Direct Quoting
Short Quotes: If quoting fewer than 4 lines of text or 40 words, place the superscript next to the author name if it appears in the sentence. If the author's name doesn't appear, place the superscript inside the quotation mark at the end of the sentence.
Long Quotes: If quoting more than 4 lines of text or 40 words, use a block quote. The block quote is in smaller type, without quotation marks. Only indent the first line if the first line of a paragraph is indented in the original text. Otherwise, do not indent the block quote.
Place the superscript next to the author name if it appears in the sentence. If the author's name doesn't appear, place the superscript inside the colon before the block quote.