The Mayas are an indigenous people that settled in Mesoamerica (present-day Mexico and Central America) beginning in 1800 b.c.e. The Maya civilization, which reached its height from 250 to 900 c.e., built magnificent stone cities, used a calendar system, and developed a system of mathematics and hieroglyphic writing.
Africa in the sixth century was a diverse blend of different kingdoms, peoples, and cultures. The Byzantine empire ruled North Africa, including Egypt and the Berber states, while Bantu states and various kingdoms dominated other parts of the continent. Traveling across the Sahara Desert, merchants from the north brought salt and other goods to southwestern Africa, which they exchanged for gold.