Misinformation, Disinformation, Fake News. While these terms are often used interchangeably, they have distinct meanings:

1. Misinformation: Misinformation refers to false or inaccurate information that is spread, regardless of whether it is done intentionally or unintentionally. It can result from genuine mistakes, misunderstandings, or misinterpretations. Misinformation may spread through various channels, including word of mouth, social media, traditional media, or online platforms. Unlike disinformation, misinformation does not necessarily involve an intent to deceive.

2. Disinformation: Disinformation, on the other hand, refers specifically to false or misleading information that is spread with the intent to deceive or manipulate. Unlike misinformation, disinformation is deliberately created and disseminated to mislead others, advance a particular agenda, or achieve a specific goal. Disinformation campaigns may be orchestrated by individuals, groups, organizations, or even governments to influence public opinion, undermine trust in institutions, or sow discord within society.

3. Fake News: "Fake news" is a broad and colloquial term that can refer to various types of misleading or fabricated information presented as legitimate news. It encompasses both misinformation and disinformation. Fake news can include sensationalized headlines, fabricated stories, doctored images or videos, and biased reporting designed to manipulate or deceive audiences. The term gained prominence in recent years due to its association with the spread of false information on social media and online platforms. However, it's worth noting that "fake news" is often used loosely and can be misinterpreted, leading to confusion about its precise meaning.