Reading how other people, especially people with deep knowledge and understanding of literature, have analyzed or understood a piece of literature will help you clarify and enlarge upon your own views. The criticism or review may bring something to your attention that you did not notice. You may disagree with a point made, which will help you clarify your views. Reading reviews and criticism can help guide you to become a closer, more careful reader. (Thanks to Austin Community College for some of these ideas.)
Look at our guide for ENG 1010. That includes many of the basics you need to write a research paper.