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MLA 9th Edition

Citing Articles

Author Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." Title of Journal/Magazine containing article, Other contributors (translators or editors), Version (edition), Number (vol. and/or no.), Publisher, Publication Date (day Mon. Year), Location (pages, paragraphs and/or URL, DOI or permalink), Date of Access (if applicable - day Mon. Year).

Author(s). "Article Title." Journal Title, volume, issue, Date, pages. Database, DOI.

Alonso, Alvaro, and Julio A. Camargo. “Toxicity of Nitrite to Three Species of Freshwater Invertebrates.” Environmental Toxicology, vol. 21, no. 1, 3 Feb. 2006, pp. 90-94. Wiley Online Library, https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.20155.

Author (s). "Article Title." Journal Title, volume, issue, Date, pages. Database, Permalink.

Leary, Francis. "Robespierre: The Meaning of Virtue." Virginia Quarterly Review, vol 72, no1, Winter 96, pp 104-122. EBSCOhost, search.ebschost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=9602051725&.

*If you can locate a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), it is preferable to a permalink or URL.
*Omit https:// except for with a DOI.

Author (s). "Article Title." Journal Title, volume, issue Date, URL.

Frajman, Eduardo. "Paradise Transformed: CAFTA and Costa Rica's New Politics." Delaware Review of Latin American Studies. vol 9, no.2, 30 Dec. 2010, www.udel.edu/LAS/Vol9-2Frajman.html.

Author(s). "Article Title" Journal Title, volume, issue, Date, pages.

Leary, Francis. "Robespierre: The Meaning of Virtue." Virginia Quarterly Review, vol. 72, no 1, Winter 96, pp 104 - 122.

Citing Books

Author Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Name(s) of Contributor(s) (editors, translators, etc.), Version (ed.), Number (vol., no., etc.), Publisher, Publication Date (day Mon. Year).

Author (s). Book Title. Publisher, Year.

Diacu, Frank. Megadisasters: The Science of Predicting the Next Catastrophe. Princeton UP, 2013.

Author(s). eBook Title. Publisher, Date, Database, URL.

Albo, Greg, et al. In and Out of Crisis. PM Press, 2010, ebrary, site.ebrary.com/lib/mxcclibraryct/reader.action?ppg=2&docID=10376318&tm=1468849603205.

Article Author. "Article Title." Anthology/Book Title, Editor(s) of Book/Anthology, Publisher, Year, pages.

Shirkey, Clay. “Everyone is a Media Outlet: Discussion.” The Little, Brown Reader, edited by Marcia Barnet, Pearson, 2012, pp. 416-422.

Citing Other Common Sources

Author (s). "Title of Page." Title of the Website, Date, URL.

Lundman, Susan. "How to Make Vegetarian Chili." eHow, 6 July 2015, www.ehow.com/how_10727_make-vegetarian-chili.html.

Film/Movie

Title. Director, Major Performers, Distributor, Date

An Inconvenient Truth. Directed by David Guggenheim, performance by Al Gore, Paramount Home Entertainment, 2006.

Streaming Video
Example - YouTube

Author. "Video Title." Website, Date, URL

Shimabukuro, Jake. “Ukulele Weeps.” YouTube, 22 Apr. 2006, https://youtu.be/puSkP3uym5k.

Example - Netflix

"Episode Title." Series Title, season, episode, Network, Broadcast Date. Platform, URL.

“94 Meetings.” Parks and Recreation, season 2, episode 21, NBC, 29 Apr. 2010. Netflix, www.netflix.com/watch/70152031.

TV, Radio, or Podcast Program

"Episode / Segment Title." Program, Host/Narrator, Network/Station, Broadcast Date, URL.

“Why Prosecutors Do Not Go After Wall Street.” Fresh Air, hosted by Terry Gross, Natl. Public Radio, 14 July 2011, www.npr.org/2011/07/13/137789065/why-prosecutors-dont-go-after-wall-street.

Image or Artwork

Author. Image Title. Date, Website Title, URL

Nietschmann, Jens. Tabby cat. 19 July 2007, Wikimedia Commons, commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus#/media/File: Jammlich_crop.jpg.

Presenter. "Presentation Title." Title of Course, Date, Location. Lecture.

Wallace, Judith. “The Endocrine System.” Human Biology, 2 June 2013, Middlesex Community College. Lecture.

Person. Type of Communication. Date.

Liu, Lan. Email to the author. 14 July 2011.

Blog

Author. "Article Title." Name of Blog, Blog Network/Publisher, Date, URL.

Veatch, Nancy. “Out of the Classroom and Into the Office.” Literacy Daily, International Literacy Association, 26 Oct. 2018, literacyworldwide.org/blog/literacy-daily/2018/10/26/out-of-the-classroom-and-into-the-office.

Social Media Post

Author [User's Handle]. Text of post or description if visual. Platform, Date and Time of Posting, URL.

Purdue Writing Lab [@PurdueWLab]. “Spring break is around the corner, and all our locations will be open next week." Twitter, 5 Mar 2012, 12:58, twitter.com/PurdueWLab/status176728308736737282.  

Author Rules

If a work has more than one author or creator format the "author" element in the work-cited entry like:

Last Name, First Name, and First Name Last Name.

Ex.) Williams, Serena, and Derek Jeter.

*Notice the placement of the commas.

If a work has 3 or more authors or creators only name the first author, then add "et al." to the end of the "author" element in your works-cited entry. It should look like this:

Last Name, First Name, et al.

Ex.) Quirk, Randolph, et al.

*Notice the placement of the commas.

*et al is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase for "and others"

Gov't, Department, Agency. Report Title (long work).Website, Date, URL.

United States, National Institutes of Health, Dept. of Health and Human Services. Managing Asthma: A Guide for Schools. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2014, www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-pro/resources/lung/asthma-management-school-guide.

Author (s). "Report Title (short work)." Website Title, Date, URL.

Harkins, James. “Syria’s Future is Disappearing.” Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting, 24 June 2016, pulitzercenter.org/reporting/syrias-future-disappearing.

If there is no known author or creator of the work being cited simply skip the "author" element in the works-cited entry and begin with the source title.

Additional Resources

For more information and resources on citing sources in MLA check out the websites listed below: