The author and publication date may be included as part of a signal phrase:
According to Smith (2020), "quoted text goes here" (p. 45).
or it may be included at the end of the end of the quote or paraphrase in parenthesis:
The theory was proposed [paraphrase] (Johnson, 2018).
When using direct quotes, include the page number in parenthesis at the end of the quote:
According to Smith (2020), "quoted text goes here" (p. 45).
Identify an omission by using ellipsis points.
Badke notes, “Many faculty members view writing as a significant issue for...students" (2).
A direct quotation reproduces the words of another writer word for word. A short quotation is under forty words long, and should be incorporated into the text and enclosed using double quotation marks. When quoting, always include the author, year, and page number or paragraph number for nonpaginated material.
According to Badke (2013), "Many faculty members view writing as a significant issue for undergraduate and graduate students” (p. 2).
OR
"Many faculty members view writing as a significant issue for undergraduate and graduate students” (Badke, 2013, p. 2).
Clarke and Oppenheim (2006) found that “Citations to electronic materials have been found to increase over time and the use of hardcopy materials has substantially decreased. ” (p. 24).
OR
“Citations to electronic materials have been found to increase over time and the use of hardcopy materials has substantially decreased” (Clarke & Oppenheim, 2006, p. 24).
Wang et al. (2016) stated that "The sRNA-seq data can also be used to find new virus miRNA or to investigate the RNAi responses in mammals and humans." (p.7)
OR
"The sRNA-seq data can also be used to find new virus miRNA or to investigate the RNAi responses in mammals and humans"
(Wang et al., 2016, p. 7)
When an source lacks page numbers, you should try to include information that will help readers find the passage being cited. For example, if the document includes headings, provide the appropriate heading and specify the paragraph under that heading.
(EPA, 2013, Introduction)
If paragraph numbers are visible, use "para." instead of "p.".
For quotations that are more than forty words long, place quotations in a free-standing block of text and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, with the entire quote indented half an inch from the left margin; maintain double-spacing.
Block Quote
Jones's (1998) study found the following:
Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (p. 199)
OR
Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (Jones, 1998, p. 199)
How do I create an in-text citation for...?
For one author, list the author’s last name.
(Luna, 2020)
For a source with two authors, include both authors’ last names.
(Salas & D’Agostino, 2020)
For a work with three or more authors, include the last name of only the first author plus “et al.” in every citation.
(Martin et al., 2020)
If the author is an organization or a government agency, mention the organization in the signal phrase or in the parenthetical citation the first time you cite the source, just as you would an individual person.
According to the American Psychological Association (2000)
If the organization has a well-known abbreviation, you may include the abbreviation in brackets the first time the source is cited and then use only the abbreviation in later citations. However, if you cite work from multiple organizations whose abbreviations are the same, do not use abbreviations (to avoid ambiguity).
First citation: (Mothers Against Drunk Driving [MADD], 2000)
Second citation: (MADD, 2000)
For works with an unknown author include the title and year of publication in the in-text citation.
A similar study was done of students learning to format research papers ("Using Citations," 2001).
To prevent confusion, use first initials with the last names.
(E. Johnson, 2001; L. Johnson, 1998)
If you have two sources by the same author in the same year, use lower-case letters (a, b, c) with the year to order the entries in the reference list. Use the lower-case letters with the year in the in-text citation.
Research by Berndt (1981a) revealed strong correlations. However, a parallel study (Berndt, 1981b) resulted in inconclusive findings.
When citing multiple works parenthetically, place the citations in alphabetical order, separating them with semicolons.
(Adams et al., 2019; Shumway & Shulman, 2015; Westinghouse, 2017),
When an electronic source lacks page numbers, you should try to include information that will help readers find the passage being cited. Use the heading or section name, an abbreviated heading or section name, a paragraph number (para. 1), or a combination of these.
According to (Smith (1997), ... (Mind Over Matter section, para. 6).
Note: Never use the page numbers of webpages you print out. Webpages can print differently depending on computer and printer settings.
Generally, writers should endeavor to read and cite primary sources. Sometimes, however, this is impossible. If you use a source that was cited in another source, name the original source in your signal phrase. List the secondary source in your reference list and include the secondary source in the parentheses. If you know the year of the original source, include it in the citation.
Johnson argued that... (as cited in Smith, 2003, p. 102).
(Johnson, 1985, as cited in Smith, 2003, p. 102).
For video and audio sources, use the last name of the creator (or their screen name, if their real name is not available) and the date of publication. If quoting directly, also include the timestamp of the quote.
(Nye, 2009, 0:55)
For interviews, letters, emails, and other person-to-person communication, cite the communicator's name, the fact that it was personal communication, and the date of the communication.
(S. Smith, personal communication, January 4, 2015)
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) is the most widely accepted nomenclature used by clinicians and researchers for the classification of mental disorders.
or
American Psychiatric Association's (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5) is the most widely accepted nomenclature used by clinicians and researchers for the classification of mental disorders.
(Pew Research Center, 2018)
or
Pew Research Center (2018) published....
(Borenstein et al., 2014)
or
Borenstein et al. (2014) released....