A research essay (also called a persuasive or argumentative essay) explores a question or problem by investigating what others have said about the topic and building your own argument based on evidence. You will use information from credible sources to support your points, and organize your ideas into a clear, well-reasoned structure. A strong research essay goes beyond summary—it shows your ability to think critically and contribute to the conversation.

Writing a research essay practices your synthesis, analysis, and argument / communication skills.

A research essay is one of the more advanced assignments you'll encounter in college—and for good reason. It's meant to bring together the skills and knowledge you've developed across the semester. You're expected to engage deeply with a topic, understand what others have said about it, and add your own perspective through thoughtful analysis and argument.

Research essays are unique assignments because:

• They go beyond just reporting information.
  • A research essay asks you to explore a topic in depth, understand what others are saying about it, and respond with your own insights. You're not just summarizing sources—you're engaging critically and building an argument of your own.
• They help you learn as you write.
  • Writing a research essay isn't just about proving that you've done the reading—it's an exercise to develop your thinking. As you write, you're building skills that help you make connections, test ideas, and discover your own voice and insights.
• They give you a chance to make space in the conversation.
  • Your essay is an opportunity to join a scholarly discussion. By drawing on evidence, evaluating sources, and expressing your point of view, you're actively building knowledge and adding your voice to the conversation—just like scholars do.

A research essay is both a product and a learning experience. It's your chance to show not only what you've learned, but how well you can think critically, communicate clearly, and engage meaningfully with information.

Most student papers are written in one of three styles: MLA, APA, or Chicago/Turabian. Check with your professor to determine which style you should use for their course. You can use the handouts below to set up a student paper in each of these styles.

For more information on citations and references, visit the QV Library's Citation Help guides.