The Industrial Revolution began in England in the 18th century (1700s). England had lots of poltical stability and resources os they expanded markets. The factory production of goods took off and England continued to encourage economic exspansion. By 1850 England exported 1/2 million tons of iron. By the end of the 19th century England led the world in the production of iron.
James Hargreaves, Spinning Jenny , invented 1764-1770 was at first a machine powered by a person turning the crank. Picture courtesy of Clemson University.
Factory production brought migration from the country to the cities. This created slums. Many came in 1846 due to the Potato famine.
Unemployment grew as machines replaced workers.
Between 1850-1870 England remained the industrial giant of the West. In 1900 the United States surpassed England and all other European nations in industry. The United States was able to do this because of the natural resources they had. The best and brightest minds came to America since it was the "land of opportunity" competetitiveness and financial freedom. An industrial empire helps establish a political empire.
The American Industrial Revolution
What forces led the United States away from its agrarian roots, transforming it into a nation dependent on mechanized farming, heavy industry, and large corporations? This program helps identify answers as it examines the Industrial Revolution in the latter half of the 19th century. Viewers learn about the establishment of the transcontinental railroad and its role in industrial growth, including the rise of the steel industry led by Andrew Carnegie. The emergence of John D. Rockefeller’s oil empire as a major economic driver is also highlighted. Further subjects include the great inventors, such as George Eastman, Alexander Graham Bell, and Thomas Edison; westward expansion and the Homestead Act of 1862; the waves of immigration that occurred after 1870; and environmental issues that developed in the wake of American industrialization. A viewable/printable teacher’s guide is available online. (27 minutes)